JOVANA
Explore Library Glossary Getting Started Illustrated My Reading
Join the mission
Illustrated
Part 1 · Welcome to the semiconductor world
01 / 07
01

Our lives are surrounded by semiconductors.

Look up from this page for a second. The alarm that woke you, the light above your head, the card that opened the ticket gate, the train that carried you — every one of them was thinking with a sliver of semiconductor smaller than your fingernail. You chose none of them. They arrived quietly, one device at a time, until an ordinary Tuesday morning contained more computers than the entire Apollo programme. So this book starts there: not with physics, but with the morning you have already lived through.

  1. Your phone

    One handset holds dozens of separate chips: the main processor, the radios, the camera, the power managers, the memory.

  2. The LED bulb

    The light comes straight out of a semiconductor junction. There is no hot wire inside at all.

  3. The train

    Power devices chop the electricity thousands of times a second to set how fast the motor turns.

One ordinary morning, counted in chips.
  1. 1Your phoneOne handset holds dozens of separate chips: the main processor, the radios, the camera, the power managers, the memory.
  2. 2The LED bulbThe light comes straight out of a semiconductor junction. There is no hot wire inside at all.
  3. 3The trainPower devices chop the electricity thousands of times a second to set how fast the motor turns.
2\times10^{10}
transistors in one phone's main chip

In 1971 the first commercial microprocessor had 2,300. That is the story Moore's law is about.

A 1970s pocket calculator

A few thousand switches, and it could add.

The phone in your pocket

About twenty billion, and it can hold a conversation.

You do not own one computer. You live inside a few hundred of them.