the inverting and non-inverting inputs

Every op-amp has two input terminals, one marked minus (the inverting input) and one marked plus (the non-inverting input). A common beginner trap is to think these are power pins or that plus must be more positive. They are neither. The op-amp ignores the absolute voltage on each input and cares only about the difference between them.

The output equals A times (V+ minus V-). Raise the plus input and the output goes up, in phase with what you applied. Raise the minus input and the output goes down, an inverted, flipped copy of what you applied. That is all the names mean: the plus input passes a signal through with the same polarity, the minus input flips it. A 1 V wiggle on the plus input pushes the output up; the same wiggle on the minus input pushes the output down.

Which input you feed your signal to, and which input you return the feedback to, decides what circuit you have built. The crucial design rule is that the feedback path must return to the minus input to create stable negative feedback. The plus input is then usually tied to a fixed reference, often ground or a mid-supply point. Send feedback to the plus input instead and you get positive feedback, which latches or oscillates rather than amplifies.