origin of hadron mass
Most people who have heard of the Higgs boson believe it explains where mass comes from. For the fundamental particles — the quarks, the electron — that is broadly true. But for the everyday mass you actually weigh, it is almost entirely false. A proton is made of three quarks, yet add up the masses of those quarks and you get only about one percent of the proton's mass. So where does the other ninety-nine percent come from?
The answer is energy. Inside a proton, the quarks are bound by the strong force, carried by gluons, and that force field carries a tremendous amount of energy. By Einstein's relation E = mc^2, energy and mass are the same thing, so the energy of the churning strong field shows up as mass — about 99 percent of the proton's. The gluons themselves are massless, and the quarks are nearly massless, yet the system as a whole is heavy, simply because it takes so much energy to confine those pieces in such a small space.
This is one of the most profound and underappreciated facts in physics: almost all the mass of ordinary matter — and therefore almost all of your own weight — is not stuff, but bottled-up strong-force energy. The Higgs gives the quarks their tiny intrinsic masses, but the strong force, described by quantum chromodynamics, supplies the rest. Calculating the proton's mass from scratch, purely from the theory of quarks and gluons, is a landmark achievement of the huge computer simulations called lattice QCD.
Proton mass is about 938 MeV. The three quarks contribute only roughly 9 MeV of intrinsic mass; the remaining ~99 percent is strong-force energy, via E = mc^2.
Almost all of a proton's mass is bottled strong-force energy, not the mass of its quarks.
Do not say "the Higgs gives everything its mass." The Higgs gives fundamental particles their masses, but the overwhelming majority of your body's mass is strong-force binding energy inside protons and neutrons.