Functional ultrasound BCI

The use of fUS as the sensing front-end of a brain-computer interface, decoding intended movements or cognitive variables from activity-driven blood-volume patterns rather than from electrical spikes. Proof-of-concept in non-human primates has decoded parameters such as movement direction and intended eye or hand target from posterior parietal cortex, including real-time closed-loop demonstrations.

Its appeal is a large, deep, stable field of view from a single mesoscale sensor without penetrating electrodes; its ceiling is the hemodynamic signal itself, which limits information rate to something far below spike-based interfaces and imposes a lag of order a second. fUS-BCI is therefore positioned as a less-invasive, lower-bandwidth alternative or complement, not a replacement for intracortical decoding.